Battle of Cambrai - World War I - Western Front - Tanks

Battle of Cambrai - World War I - Western Front - Tanks The Battle of Cambrai was fought November 20 to December 6, 1917, during World War I (1914 to 1918). British General Julian Byng2 corps324 tanks Germans General Georg von der Marwitz1 corps Background In mid-1917, Colonel John F.C. Fuller, the Chief of Staff of the Tank Corps, devised a plan for using armor to raid the German lines. Since the terrain near Ypres-Passchendaele was too soft for tanks, he proposed a strike against St. Quentin, where the ground was hard and dry. As operations near St. Quentin would have required cooperation with French troops, the target was shifted to Cambrai to ensure secrecy. Presenting this plan to British Commander-in-Chief Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, Fuller was unable to obtain approval as the focus of British operations was on the ​offensive against Passchendaele. While the Tank Corps was developing its plan, Brigadier General H.H. Tudor of the 9th Scottish Division had created a method for supporting a tank attack with a surprise bombardment. This utilized a new method for targeting artillery without registering the guns by observing the fall of shot. This older method frequently alerted the enemy to impending attacks and gave them time to move reserves to the threatened area. Though Fuller and his superior, Brigadier-General Sir Hugh Elles, had failed to gain Haigs support, their plan interested the commander of the Third Army, General Sir Julian Byng. In August 1917, Byng accepted both Elles attack plan and along with Tudors artillery scheme to support it. Through Elles and Fuller had originally intended for the attack to be an eight- to twelve-hour raid, Byng altered the plan and intended to hold any ground that was taken. With fighting bogging down around Passchendaele, Haig relented in his opposition and approved an attack at Cambrai on November 10. Assembling over 300 tanks along a front of 10,000 yards, Byng intended for them to advance with close infantry support to capture enemy artillery and consolidate any gains. A Swift Advance Advancing behind a surprise bombardment, Elles tanks were to crush lanes through the German barbed wire and bridge the German trenches by filling them with bundles of brushwood known as fascines. Opposing the British was the German Hindenburg Line which consisted of three successive lines approximately 7,000 yards deep. These were manned by the 20th Landwehr and 54th Reserve Division. While the 20th was rated as fourth-rate by the Allies, the commander of the 54th had prepared his men in anti-tank tactics utilizing artillery against moving targets. At 6:20 AM on November 20, 1,003, British guns opened fire on the German position. Advancing behind a creeping barrage, the British had immediate success. On the right, troops from Lieutenant General William Pulteneys III Corps advanced four miles with troops reaching Lateau Wood and capturing a bridge over the St. Quentin Canal at Masnià ¨res. This bridge soon collapsed under the weight of the tanks halting the advance. On the British left, elements of the IV Corps had similar success with troops reaching the woods of Bourlon Ridge and the Bapaume-Cambrai road. Only in the center did the British advance stall. This was largely due to Major General G.M. Harper, commander of the 51st Highland Division, who ordered his infantry to follow 150-200 yards behind his tanks, as he thought the armor would draw artillery fire on his men. Encountering elements of the 54th Reserve Division near Flesquià ¨res, his unsupported tanks took heavy losses from the German gunners, including five destroyed by Sergeant Kurt Kruger. Though the situation was saved by the infantry, eleven tanks were lost. Under pressure, the Germans abandoned the village that night. Reversal of Fortune That night, Byng sent his cavalry divisions forward to exploit the breach, but they were forced to turn back due to unbroken barbed wire. In Britain, for the first time since the start of the war, church bells rang in victory. Over the next ten days, the British advance slowed greatly, with III Corps halting to consolidate and the main effort taking place in the north where troops attempted to capture Bourlon Ridge and the nearby village. As German reserves reached the area, the fighting took on the attritional characteristics of many battles on the Western Front. After several days of brutal fighting, the crest of Bourlon Ridge was taken by the 40th Division, while attempts to press east were halted near Fontaine. On November 28, the offensive was halted and British troops began to dig in. While the British had been spending their strength to capture Bourlon Ridge, the Germans had shifted twenty divisions to the front for a massive counterattack. Beginning at 7:00 AM on November 30, German forces employed stormtrooper infiltration tactics which had been devised by General Oskar von Hutier. Moving in small groups, German soldiers bypassed British strong points and made great gains. Quickly engaged all along the line, the British concentrated on holding Bourlon Ridge which allowed the Germans to drive back III Corps to the south. Though fighting quieted on December 2, it resumed the next day with the British being forced to abandon the east bank of the St. Quentin Canal. On December 3, Haig ordered a retreat from the salient, surrendering British gains except for the area around Havrincourt, Ribà ©court, and Flesquià ¨res. Aftermath The first major battle to feature a significant armored attack, British losses at Cambrai numbered 44,207 killed, wounded, and missing while German casualties were estimated at around 45,000. In addition, 179 tanks had been put out of action due to enemy action, mechanical issues, or ditching. While the British gained some territory around Flesquià ¨res, they lost approximately the same amount to the south making the battle a draw. The final major push of 1917, the Battle of Cambrai saw both sides utilize equipment and tactics that would be refined for the following years campaigns. While the Allies continued to develop their armored force, the Germans would employ stormtrooper tactics to great effect during their Spring Offensives.

Biography of John F. Kennedy Jr.

Biography of John F. Kennedy Jr. John F. Kennedy Jr. (November 25, 1960–July 16, 1999), the son of President John F. Kennedy, was considered the heir to one of Americas greatest political dynasties until his death in a plane crash at age 38. In one of the most iconic photographs in American history, the 3-year-old Kennedy is seen saluting his fathers casket three days after the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Fast Facts: John F. Kennedy, Jr. Known For: Attorney, journalist, and son of President John F. KennedyBorn: Nov. 25, 1960 in Washington, D.C.Died: July 16, 1999 off the coast of Marthas Vineyard, MassachusettsEducation: Brown University, B.A.; New York University, J.D.Spouse: Carolyn BessetteKey Accomplishments: Criminal prosecutor in New York City, founder and publisher of George magazine, and founder of non-profit Reaching UpFamous Quote: â€Å"People often tell me I could be a great man. Id rather be a good man.† Childhood John F. Kennedy Jr. was born on November 25, 1960- the same month his father, John F. Kennedy, was elected to his first term as president. He became an instant celebrity, despite his parents attempts to give him as normal an upbringing as possible. Despite spending his first few years of life in the White House, however, Kennedy later said that he had lived a pretty normal life. Kennedy was the second of three children born to the Kennedys. His older sister was Caroline Bouvier Kennedy; his younger brother, Patrick, died in 1963, two days after birth. On his third birthday, in 1963, JFK Jr. became the subject of one of the most iconic scenes in American history: standing on a Washington street, wearing a dress coat, saluting his fathers flag-draped coffin as it passed by on a horse-drawn carriage on the way to the Capitol. Kennedys father had been assassinated three days earlier in Dallas, Texas. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images The presidents widow moved the family to the Upper East Side of New York, where JFK Jr. attended a Catholic elementary school. He later attended Collegiate School for Boys in New York and Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. Meanwhile, much of the American public waited for the young Kennedy to join the political world that had already been shaped by his family. Careers in Law and Journalism JFK Jr. graduated Brown University in 1983 with a degree in American history. He then attended law school at New York University, graduating in 1989. Many considered his law degree a precursor to a political career, but JFK Jr. instead went to work in the Manhattan district attorneys office for four years. In 1995, Kennedy launched a magazine, George, which blended celebrity and public affairs. The magazine was meant to be a mass-market political journal, or, as one of its editors explained, a political magazine for Americans turned off by political magazines. Kennedy wrote and served as editor-in-chief for George. Its publication ended in 2001, after Kennedys death. Marriage to Carolyn Bessette In 1996, JFK Jr. arranged a secretive wedding to Carolyn Bessette, a fashion publicist. The couple went to extraordinary lengths to conceal their nuptials from the public. The wedding was held on an island 20 miles off the coast of Georgia; they chose that particular island in part because it had no access by road or telephone, and almost no lodging. The public learned of their marriage a week after it happened. The couple had no children. Death On July 16, 1999, Kennedy was piloting a small single-engine airplane headed towards Marthas Vineyard, with his wife and her sister onboard. The plane crashed into the Atlantic Ocean. The bodies of the three crash victims were found off the coast of Marthas Vineyard five days later, on July 21. One year later, in 2000, the National Transportation Safety Board ruled the crash an accident caused by Kennedys failure to maintain control of the airplane during a descent over water at night, which was a result of spatial disorientation. The government agency said haze and darkness were factors in the crash. Legacy Kennedy was raised to abide by a scriptural passage found in Luke 12:48: Of those to whom much is given, much is required. It was in that spirit that, in 1989, he founded a nonprofit called Reaching Up, which helps low-wage health and human-services professionals attain higher education, training, and career advancement. Reaching Up continues to help students pay for tuition, books, transportation, child care, and other education costs. Sources Blow, Richard. American Son: A Portrait of John F. Kennedy, Jr. Henry Holt Co., 2002.Grunwald, Michael. â€Å"JFK Jr. Feared Dead in Plane Crash.†Ã‚  The Washington Post, WP Company, 18 July 1999, www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/jfkjr/stories/kennedy071899.htm.Seelye, Katharine Q. â€Å"John F. Kennedy Jr., Heir To a Formidable Dynasty.†Ã‚  The New York Times, The New York Times, 19 July 1999, www.nytimes.com/1999/07/19/us/john-f-kennedy-jr-heir-to-a-formidable-dynasty.html.

Job Safety Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Job Safety Response - Essay Example Jerry must understand that the field notes belong to the federal agency provided there is an advance knowledge that that data belongs to the agency. First, Jerry acquired a job from the federal agency implying that the area of research is not his own doing and will be considered as unethical to use it for his personal work. Second, the participants in the interviews and observations during the survey would not have presented themselves to him without identifying that he is working with the Federal Agency which they could identify with because of its projects or proposed projects amongst them. His presentation to participants as working on behalf of the agency makes the information gathered from the interview the agency’s property unconditionally. Being a representative of the agency means that no participant provided any information to belong to him but to the agency hence eliminating any breach of information security and confidentiality. Although it is unethical for the agen cy to manipulate survey findings to suit its expectations, it is ethical to request the opinion of a different consultant for comparison. Vaughn should be expected to turn over all the interview materials, notes, and photographs despite their sensitive information on with any binding terms on data ownership. Since there was no binding stipulation concerning data ownership, and by arguing that his work was conducted in good faith makes him eligible for full salary without any threats or turning over the materials, notes, and photos to the agency.

Faith schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Faith schools - Essay Example The term faith schools is aimed at the relationship between education and faith (Grander, et al, 2005). They are one of a variety of schools including speciality schools, grammar schools, comprehensive schools and others. They can be defined as "schools, both primary and secondary, which are provided under the aegis of recognized religious faith" (Wallace, 2008). Thus, they provide students a general education with a framework of specific religious belief including formal and informal activities. The discussion about faith schools is not easy because it involves a number of complications at both policy and practice levels. A strong debate rises among politicians, educators, media and the public conducted with a level of bias about whether this type of schools should be banned or not. This essay will investigate this issue presenting the various sides of debate. It will critically demonstrate the different assumptions, principles and verifications that each perspective gives and reveals the significance of such debate on the educational process in the UK. Doing so, it will focus on three main aspects that form the base of such debate. These include: the matching with educational aims, the educational achievement and the implications on community integration. The aim of education is to develop capacities and capabilities among people to lead a good life (Pring, 2005). Such abilities include problem solving and critical and analytical thinking that encourages personal development and build the foundation for a truly rational individual (King cited Pring, 2010). Some people stand against faith schools as they believe they mismatch many of the essential aims of education. They argue that these schools work under specific agendas that focus on nurturing particular set of religious beliefs and attitudes over the presence of attaining the basic common educational purposes. Accordingly, they

The man who wasnt there Essay Example for Free

The man who wasnt there Essay Explain genre theory and, using Chapter 8 of the text as a reference, thoroughly describe the conventions and attributes of your selected genre. Genre theory is used in the study of films in order to facilitate the categorization of films. Genres are dependent on various factors such as story line, who the director is, and what are the audience expectations. A better understanding is knowing the type of movie it is so if someone was to say let’s watch a western movie you’re going to expect gun fights, horses, and Indians and cowboys involved with the film. The clip I selected was â€Å"The Man Who Wasn’t There† an actor that is popular in today’s society that is staring in this film is Billy Bob Thornton. There are multiple genres that are in this movie and they are drama/crime, romance, and comedy. The short clip shows actor Billy Bob Thornton entering a room and the lighting is dark on him but it was light on the man he was speaking to in the room, this setting resembles the drama that is going to be involved in the scene with the actors. When actor Billy Bob Thornton sits down in the chair the lighting is even darker as he ask a question, by the lighting getting darker it presents to the audience that the question he is going to ask is a dark question or something that is not legal. Also the man that Billy Bob Thornton is talking to puts on his fake hair to make himself presentable, which came off to me as someone being sneaky and corrupted but the light shining on him tries to hide his dirty intentions. In my references I have a clip from the movie â€Å"Before the Devil Knows Your Dead†Ã‚  this movie has crime and drama as well these elements are a few that are in the film â€Å"The Man Who Wasn’t There†. Even though both films have different story lines, they are both filled with drama the film â€Å"The Man Who Wasn’t There† describes barber that blackmails his wifes boss and lover for money to invest in dry cleaning, but his plan goes terribly wrong. This is definitely drama and a bit of romance involved in which is part of the genre. The film â€Å"Before the Devil THE MAN WHO 3. Knows Your Dead† talks about two brothers organizing the robbery of their parents jewelry store, and the job goes horribly wrong, triggering a series of events that sends them, their father and one brothers wife hurtling towards a shattering climax. This film also contains drama and crime but what separates the two is the other film has comedy and romance involved with it. The description from the second film has nothing to do with comedy or romance, so you can say it has similarities on some aspects of the film from a drama point of view. Also another example to understand genres is films point out key parts of the film to promote to specific audience for the film or whatever has be successful for the sub genres as well, example you can’t go wrong with a romance film but not everybody likes pure romance films and you can’t go wrong with comedy but nobody likes pure comedy and I believe there is nothing wrong with pure action. An example of a film that can be promoted to a everybody who has qualities that they like to see in  films would be the film â€Å"Warm Bodies† (http://youtu. be/gGRHrr6IYdg) this film has these qualities that can promote to an audience that makes it appealing to watch. In this clip it shows that this film has action, romance, comedy and drama. This increases the chances of the film becoming successful. THE MAN WHO 4 References Goodykoontz, B. , Jacobs, C. P. (2011). Film: From watching to seeing. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. This text is a Constellationâ„ ¢ course digital materials (CDM) title.

Planning Retirement Essay -- essays research papers

People of all ages should begin planning for retirement and managing their money well so they are ensured enough income when they do retire. Retirees estimate that people will need 71% of their pre-retirement income to maintain their current lifestyles. Stocks and 401(k) plans are recommended.FactsNonretired Americans with household incomes that average more than $50,000 assumes they won't be able to retire until age 59.More than a third of affluent retirees with children and grandchildren are helping to support them financially, as are 29% of all retirees. Also, nearly a quarter of all retirees whose parents are alive are helping them financially.Fully 48% of the affluent who aren't retired as well as of all people surveyed who aren't retired believe they have to work part time in retirement. Only 23% of well-off retirees and 16% of all retirees polled are working today.Affluent nonretirees estimate they'll need only 53% of their pre-retirement income to support their retirement lifestyles. But well-off retirees say they actually require fully 71%. Fully 25% of affluent nonretirees think it's likely they will run out of money before they die vs. only 12% of well-off retirees.Affluent retirees single biggest regret is failing to put more money in tax-deferred retirees said they invested the maximum the law permits, compared with only 48% of the affluent nonretirees polled.Strategies1. Figure out how much income you'll need in retirement. Retirees told us that to support ... Planning Retirement Essay -- essays research papers People of all ages should begin planning for retirement and managing their money well so they are ensured enough income when they do retire. Retirees estimate that people will need 71% of their pre-retirement income to maintain their current lifestyles. Stocks and 401(k) plans are recommended.FactsNonretired Americans with household incomes that average more than $50,000 assumes they won't be able to retire until age 59.More than a third of affluent retirees with children and grandchildren are helping to support them financially, as are 29% of all retirees. Also, nearly a quarter of all retirees whose parents are alive are helping them financially.Fully 48% of the affluent who aren't retired as well as of all people surveyed who aren't retired believe they have to work part time in retirement. Only 23% of well-off retirees and 16% of all retirees polled are working today.Affluent nonretirees estimate they'll need only 53% of their pre-retirement income to support their retirement lifestyles. But well-off retirees say they actually require fully 71%. Fully 25% of affluent nonretirees think it's likely they will run out of money before they die vs. only 12% of well-off retirees.Affluent retirees single biggest regret is failing to put more money in tax-deferred retirees said they invested the maximum the law permits, compared with only 48% of the affluent nonretirees polled.Strategies1. Figure out how much income you'll need in retirement. Retirees told us that to support ...

Being Thankful for What We Have / “Gratitude”

Being thankful for what we have / â€Å"Gratitude† There are a lot of things in my life that I am thankful for, but most important thing is that I have a great family and loving parents. There are many things that I don’t normally realize which I still take for granted like having my own car and attending Christian Brothers High School. I am greatly thankful for my family because they are always going to be here for me no matter what. Also, my family is loving and always willing to do anything to help me if I am in any need. There a ton of kids in this world that is my age those don’t have a loving family or just not well-off.I have been hoping to attend college and hopefully get a degree in engineering and also a personal trainer. There are many kids my age that can’t attend college because their family can’t afford it. I take many material things for granted that give me enjoyment such as my laptop, iPod, iPhone, my trainer, and a gym membership. I am thankful to have a great trainer and a gym membership so I can get big, bulky, lean, cut, in shape, and to get ready for my competition in May. Also, other thing that I can’t for granted is having my own car to drive to school and take out on the weekend to have some fun or hang out with friends.I am grateful for not having to work and have a job to help support my family. I am grateful for my mom because of all the things and work she does around the house and help out the family as much as she can. She keeps the family rolling/going and always remembers everything when everyone doesn’t have no idea about things. I am grateful for my dad and how much hard work he puts into his farm to give support and good living for the family. I help my mom and dad as much as I can because I will never be able to pay them back for all the things they have done for me.I try to help my family as much as possible to keep it going even when I like it or not. I am grateful to be an bodybuilder and other things I do because I am in good health/shape and be a normal human being without any impairments to my body. I am grateful that my whole family is in the best health as they can be. I am thankful to be able to go on cruises and trips to other countries with my family and be able to enjoy it and have a great time. I am grateful for the great friends that I have fun with, hangout with, and know they will always have my back no matter what it is or what goes down.I am grateful for everything that I have in my life and wish it could always stay the way it is right now. Also, to always love my parents with my whole heart and be there for my friends and family no matter what it is. Hopefully one day that I will have a wife in the future that I will be able to love with all my heart too and be content with everything no matter what it is. I'm thankful for all the beautiful, rich, loving and all the things that I am able to do and have in my life right now. I will alw ays show love, thanks, and appreciation to all the things/gifts that will be giving to me.People just like me need to learn from their mistakes and just grow from them like all the sad, disappointed, and painful things that have had happen to them. When people think that everything that they have or has happen to them or other things is a gift from God which is being thankful and gratitude is. My life and others is like a gift from God because he was the one that brought us to this world. It is great and thankful thing to know God, who/what he has done for us and this world. People shouldn’t worry about anything because God will do the things for us which he thinks is right and will take care of us.God will give/provide the things that everyone should have in life and what is right to have. People know what is right and wrong, so they have no excuse. I said this before but I will say it again I am very thankful for the school I go to, my family, all of my teachers, and my fri ends. God is the main reason why we should thank him because if it wasn’t for him then we won’t be here today and have all the things that we are thankful for like our loving family. Everyone should live every day, one day a time and for the God and Jesus Christ.

Springville Herald Case

The first data we analyzed was which errors occurred most frequently. The above Pareto chart serves to separate the â€Å"vital few† errors from the â€Å"trivial many†. The first 7 types of errors (from left to right) account for 78% of the total service errors. Concentration on eliminating those types of errors is a good first step in minimizing customer service errors and boosting revenue. If you can eliminate less than half of the error types you can eliminate more than 2/3 of the total errors. Next we looked for correlations between the data above and which errors were most costly. We again chose Pareto charts to express the relationships between the types of errors and how much they cost the company. The use of Pareto to express the total cost of each error type is valuable to identify which error types are costing the most cumulatively and also offers some correlations. Again we see the first 7 error types (from left to right) make up a large majority of the money spent correcting errors. 79% in fact. We find that 5 error types: Typesetting, Wrong position, Ran in Error, Wrong ad, and Wrong date occur in the â€Å"vital few† data of both frequency and total cost of errors. Further concentration on these 5 error types will not only go a long way in eliminating the frequency of errors, but will also eliminate a large portion of the total cost associated with service errors. Another important finding in this data is that while copy errors occur most frequently (17% of total errors) they are relatively inexpensive to fix (only 6% of the total cost of errors). So eliminating copy errors will go a long way in improving customer service, but will not have the same impact on the cost of fixing service errors. Examining the cost data further we can see which errors are the most expensive to fix on a per error basis. While Pareto was not necessary to express cost per error (cumulative % is not important in this case), it is the easiest type of chart to read with this much data and serves to show (from left to right) which errors are the most expensive to fix per occurrence. These findings reveal that Ran in Errors are the second most expensive type of error per occurrence. That combined with the fact that we already know Ran in Errors account for the highest total cost of errors (20. %) and are the 4th most frequently occurring (9%) tells us that concentrating most heavily on eliminating Ran in Errors would be the most efficient way to simultaneously improve customer service and cut costs. So let’s took a closer look at Ran in Errors. As you can see, Policy Ran in Errors are the most frequently occurring (53% of total) and by far the most expensive (82% of total). Eliminating these e rrors as quickly as possible would be the most efficient way to achieve the goal of improving customer service and cutting costs. Some information that would be useful to examine would be how the errors interact with each other. Do some errors cause others? Even if no error directly causes another it would be useful to know if eliminating errors that occur at the beginning of the publishing time line would prevent others from occurring due to the nature of publishing them. Also, observe the histogram below. As you can see the number of help desk calls per day is concentrated between 40 and 70 per day. It would be useful to know what errors these calls are in regard to. With the average calls per day known, the Herald can also streamline their customer service department to be able to handle this volume efficiently.

Why Melville Idealizes Life Among the Polynesians essays

Why Melville Idealizes Life Among the Polynesians essays Melville became an explorer of the South Seas in the nineteenth century longing to find his ideal paradise. Escaping his voyage on the Acushnet he set out to explore the Marquesas Islands. Melville never actually recorded his time among the Polynesians until he wrote Typee. Typee had been- a combination of memory, imagination, and research... (Howard, 9). He was then the narrator of his own adventure that led him from being an explorer to being an observer of the native ways. Embarking on the culture of the Polynesians left him with a bias opinion of what their life was. Melville idealizes life among the Polynesians in hopes that he has found his paradise and he sees no reason for the French to try to corrupt their culture in anyway. He finds, outside of civilization, that living among the natives is more of a civilized place than any. While Melville is held captive for four months among the Typees he carefully observes their lifestyle. According to Milton Stern, Melville has four Techniques in gathering his worldly views. All four test reality in terms of experience, not theory, and find transcendental perception a delusion (Bowen, 6). From these techniques he is able to form an understanding of his experiences and implement them into his work. Melville uses reinforcement, almost a form of repetition, where in his observations he finds things to reinforce his views. He suggests man must depend on man, and in that he uses what man gives him to create his works. Melville finds the contrast in his views that help him define what he perceives reality to be. He defines reality in terms of relations, ambiguities, and limitations, not transcendental equations and infinite possibilities (Bowen, 6). In gathering his views Melville denies the whole truth to any individual (Bowen, 72). Melville believes one must have multiple views in order to test reality through multiple viewpoi...

ACT

Is Online Tutoring As Good As In-Person Tutoring For The SAT/ACT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You know you want tutoring...but what kind of tutoring should you go for? How can you really figure out if online tutoring is as good as in-person tutoring? You asked for it, you got it: a side-by-side comparison of online tutoring and in-person tutoring. And by side-by-side, I mean listed vertically, one after the other. I’ll go into where each method excels†¦and where each method falls short.

Critically discuss the extent to which capitalism has affected human Essay

Critically discuss the extent to which capitalism has affected human relationships - Essay Example Under these views capitalism has not a ‘stable’ and ‘standard’ format but tends to alternate in order to be adapted to the current political, social and financial conditions of a specific society. Capitalism can have many aspects; however it has certain characteristics and principles that remain the same throughout the years. More specifically, as Mcintyre (1992, 42) found ‘for capitalism to function smoothly, peoples "needs" must conform to the requirements of the production system; at the same time, Capitals search for ever expanding pools of surplus value requires the expansive manipulation of those needs’. One of the sectors that have suffered from capitalism is with no doubt the human relationships. In this case, capitalism has managed to transform not only the ‘structure’ but also the ‘content’ of the relevant relationships alternating their nature and changing their role. The influence of capitalism on human relationships has been intensive mostly the last years. In this context, Langford (1999, 1) stated that ‘in modern Western societies, couple relationships almost always come into being through a more or less powerful experience of emotional ‘bonding’, infused with erotic attraction; Being part of such a couple is held to be fundamental to our happiness, well-being and sense of place in the world; Reproduction, the family, and to a great extent social life itself, are seen as ideally based upon and around the loving (heterosexual) couple; Thus, while ‘falling in love’ remains something of a mystery, it is generally understood and experienced as a beneficial and foundational life event’. It has to be noticed however that the interpretation of human feelings although presenting above as ‘standard’ and ‘expected’ in many occasions they tend to differentiate in accordance with the politi cal

Alcoholics Anonymous Community Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alcoholics Anonymous Community - Research Paper Example In addition, I realized that it was imperative to trust other people to help me, since I myself am being trained for a profession, which requires me to help other people. Thus, I approached the AA group, with apprehension and hope battling it out in my heart. The first thing one learns at these meetings, are the 12 steps they follow in the process of bringing about sobriety (Alcoholics Anonymous Australia, 2001). First, one has to accept that they have a drinking problem over which they are powerless. Second, they accept that there is a greater power, which can help with the problem. Then, as a third step, the people are to entrust this higher power, God, with the duty of helping them overcome the problem. Then the attention of the person is shifted to themselves, as they are told to look within themselves to perform a thorough and fearless moral inventory of themselves. The fifth step is to admit the wrongs they have found in themselves to God as well as to another human being. Afte r this, the curing begins as they mentally prepare themselves for God to cleanse them of these shortcomings. The seventh step follows, where the person asks God to rid him or her of these flaws. The eighth step consists of spreading the positive change to outside just oneself.