The Human Genome Project: Advantages and Disadvantages

The Human Genome Project: Advantages and Disadvantages The Human Genome Project was a global examination exertion to decide the arrangement of the human genome and recognize the qualities that it contains. After the thought was gotten in 1984 by the US government when the arranging began, the task officially started in 1990 and was finished in 2003, 2 years in front of its unique timetable. The Project was facilitated by the National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Division of Energy. Extra patrons included colleges over the United States and worldwide accomplices in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan, and China. Objectives The primary objectives of the Human Genome Project were to give a total and exact succession of the 3 billion DNA base combines that make up the human genome and to discover the entirety of the evaluated 20,000 to 25,000 human qualities. The arrangement would go about as a format for the comment of qualities found later on: if a geneticist found a novel quality that expands the hazard for bosom malignancy, for example, she ought to have the option to decode its exact area and grouping by mapping it to the ace succession of the human genome. By contrasting anomalous qualities with the ordinary qualities in the layout, the geneticist would have the option to outline transformation answerable for causing the ailment. Advantages The likely advantage of a thorough sequencing exertion was featured by the disengagement of infection connected qualities, for example, Huntingtons ailment, Cystic Fibrosis, and the most well-known bosom malignant growth related quality, BRCA1. The each quality in turn approach was wasteful and arduous. It just worked for monogenic maladies. In any case, most regular human ailments are genomic polygenic maladies brought about by numerous qualities spread diffusely all through the human genome. Malignant growth and psychological sicknesses are instances of genomic ailments. Open versus Private Approaches In 1998, a comparable, secretly supported mission was propelled by the American specialist Craig Venter, and his firm Celera Genomics. Venter was a researcher at the NIH during the mid 1990s when the venture was started. The $300,000,000 Celera exertion was expected to continue at a quicker pace and at a small amount of the expense of the generally $3 billion freely financed venture. Celera utilized a method called entire genome shotgun sequencing, utilizing pairwise end sequencing, which had been utilized to succession bacterial genomes of up to 6,000,000 base matches long, however not for anything close to as extensive as the three billion base pair human genome. Celera at first declared that it would look for patent insurance on just 200-300 qualities, yet later changed this to looking for licensed innovation security on completely portrayed significant structures adding up to 100-300 targets. The firm in the long run recorded fundamental (place-holder) patent applications on 6,500 entire or fractional qualities. Celera likewise vowed to distribute their discoveries as per the conditions of the 1996 Bermuda Statement, by discharging new information yearly (the HGP discharged its new information day by day), albeit, in contrast to the openly financed venture, they would not allow free redistribution or logical utilization of the information. Eventually, Celera afreed to give free access to scholarly specialists however with a few significant imperatives. Albeit a working draft was reported on June 26, 2000 (together by U.S. President Bill Clinton and the British Prime Minister Tony Blair), it was not until February 2001 that Celera and the HGP researchers distributed subtleties of their drafts. These drafts secured about 83% of the genome (90% of the euchromatic locales with 150,000 holes and the request and direction of numerous fragments not yet settled). In February 2001, at the hour of the joint distributions, official statements reported that the venture had been finished by the two gatherings. Improved drafts were declared in 2003 and 2005, filling in to roughly 92% of the grouping as of now. The Book of Man It has 3,088,286,401 letters of DNA It is isolated into twenty-three sets of chromosomes. Every single other gorilla have twenty-four sets. It encodes around 20,687 qualities altogether just 1,796 more than worms, and 12,000 less than corn. It is wildly creative. Quality guideline and quality grafting are utilized more widely in the human genome than in the genome of different life forms. It crushes intricacy out of straightforwardness, delivers close unending useful varieties out of its constrained collection. It is dynamic. In certain cells, it reshuffles its own succession to make novel variation of itself. Portions of it are shockingly wonderful. A gigantic extent (about 98%) isn't devoted to qualities as such, yet to colossal stretches of DNA that are blended between qualities (intergenic DNA) or inside qualities (introns). These stretches encode no RNA, and no protein. It is encrusted with history. It has rehashed components that show up often. It has gigantic quality family qualities that take after one another and perform comparable capacities which regularly group together. It contains a large number of pseudogenes qualities that were once useful yet ahve become nonfunctional, ie, they offer ascent to no protein or RNA. It suits enough variety to make every last one of us particular, however enough consistency to make every one of us unique in relation to different species. Its first quality, on chromosome one, encodes a protein that detects smell in the nose. Its keep going quality, on chromosome X, encodes a protein that adjusts the association between cells of the safe framework. The finishes of its chromosomes are set apart with telomeres. Like the small amounts of plastic at the finishes of shoelaces, these groupings of DNA are intended to shield the chromosomes from fraying and deteriorating. Despite the fact that we completely comprehend the hereditary code ie how the data in a solitary quality is utilized to fabricate protein we understand essentially nothing of the genomic code ie, how various qualities spead over the human genome coordinaet quality articulation in reality to construct, keep up, and fix a human living being It engraves and deletes concoction stamps on itself in light of changes in its condition in this manner encoding a type of cell memory. It is ready to evolute. It is covered with the flotsam and jetsam of its past. Gandhi: The Hindu-Muslim Gap Gandhi: The Hindu-Muslim Gap Presentation The initial long periods of the twentieth century were turbulent. That was the point at which the best fiasco of history occurred. The political situation was experiencing a change. The British were starting to feel somewhat uncomfortable. Uneasiness was blending. Political discontent was becoming because of the failure of the administration to sort out viable help during the time of plague and starvation. So as to stem the discontent, the British took advantage of the political secret weapon with incredible assurance. Just because, they utilized their separation and-rule political game with extraordinary power. From 1870 onwards, the British began affecting the Hindus and the Muslims to shape their own ideological groups to set up their unmistakable strict characters. That was maybe, the start of the communalisation of governmental issues. The British not just urged the two networks to frame ideological groups along strict lines, they found a way to make a circumstance whereby Hindu s and Muslims would be compelled to think in a manner as though their strict personality is at risk. This exertion finished in the parcel of Bengal in 1905. The segment was made along public lines. The British had understood that an assembled India was a solid India and in this way they chose to isolate Hindus and Muslims, the significant populace of India. Accordingly India would not be joined together and would stay powerless. The British proceeded with this technique of gap and rule lastly India was partitioned. This strategy left a profound effect on the Indians, the public disdain among Hindus and Muslim is as yet common and has taken a significant structure. This has brought about numerous mobs and made significant mischief life and property. Revolt of 1857 The British East India Company came to India as merchants however gradually assumed control over the standard in India and in the blink of an eye the entire of India was under the British guideline. India was the biggest and the most significant province of Britain. They made enormous benefits in their standard, however they regarded Indians as a second rate race. Indians were tormented and rewarded like slaves, they had to develop Indigo and thus the cabin businesses endured a substantial difficulty. Gradually over some undefined time frame Indians acknowledged about their privileges and became more acquainted with about patriotism. They likewise battled for opportunity in various rebellions, however every one of them were squashed as the Indians were not joined together. A portion of the popular rebellions were the Santhal Rebellion, Indigo rebellions and some more. These little revolts came to fruition of a national development and rose as the revolt of 1857 https://mail.google.com/mail/pictures/cleardot.gif The best and the most across the board outfitted uprising which shook the establishments of the British standard in India was the Revolt Of 1857.The collecting contempt contrary to British principle which had brought about various, however confined, flare-ups burst in a compelling insubordination in 1857.The confiscated leaders of Indian expresses, the aristocrats and the zamindars who had been denied of their properties, the Indian officers of Britains armed force in India and the immense masses of laborers, craftsmans and the other people who had been demolished by British monetary arrangements and had been ascending in revolts in their segregated pockets, were presently joined by the basic point of ousting British guideline. The presentation of oils cartridges which demonstrated the British rulers complete dismissal of the strict convictions of the Indian individuals gave the prompt reason for the revolt. The warriors slaughtered the British officials and walked to Delhi. They van quished Delhi and declared the last Mughal ruler Bahadur Shah Zafar as the sovereign of India. The disobedience spread like fierce blaze and the British standard stopped to exist over a

Structuralism Pleasantville Essay Example for Free

Structuralism Pleasantville Essay Semiology telling a more profound tale†¦ Pleasantville may not be so wonderful after all In the film Pleasantville, David is fixated on the 50’s sitcom Pleasantville. He blames this show so as to escape from the unforgiving reality he is compelled to manage regular. In pertinence to society†¦ if Pleasantville went about as a strict implication, could humankind go religion to give them a light in obscurity when difficulties arise? Similarly as David looks to this unreasonable TV show to escape from the obscurity encompassing his family, secondary school and high school years? How could it be that components of a plot, for example, imagery and references can conceal the way that Pleasantville may not be so charming all things considered? The primary component in the structuralist analysis is semiology; the film Pleasantville has numerous unpretentious subjects and implications disguised by inferences and signifiers. This movie takes numerous components of religion, discussion and oversight into thought; the movie shows these topics with images and implications legitimately identified with chronicled occasions that have been found out about for ages. In the up and coming passages, these images, topics and implications will be altogether talked about. The possibility of religion, mostly Christianity was available all through the film. The part of Christianity was upheld by references to recorded occasions and scriptural thoughts. For example, when we are acquainted with Pleasantville, the town is by all accounts great, as though nothing could turn out badly: wrong is inconceivable. A model from the film would be the point at which the Pleasantville ball group essentially couldn’t miss a shot, it just wasn’t conceivable; or when the Pleasantville firemen are called to safeguard felines from trees, since that is ‘in the town’s reality’, one of the main issues requiring consideration from crisis work force. Directly from the earliest starting point the watcher feels the agitating strict association from the book of scriptures stories the person in question may recollect as a guiltless kid. This spot, Pleasantville was in principle the Garden of Eden. This wonder turns out to be very obvious to the watcher when the individual perceive the main shading change inside Pleasantville, something as straightforward as a bloom, activated by change, information on great and shrewdness, feeling and freewill, or in principle sin. Mary sue exhibits sexual opportunity, which she is unconscious that ‘hooking up with boys’ isn't permitted in this town. From this demonstration of indicating feeling, and changing the supposed ‘normal’ or ‘unharmed’ lifestyle is Pleasantville, Mary sue starts the pattern of progress as well as wrongdoing; which will proceed as a steady topic in the film. All through the start of the film David tires to contain Pleasantville’s blamelessness by empowering his sister Jennifer, and everybody around him to be gullible to the real world, and to abstain from considering some fresh possibilities; David doesn't need the main wonderful spot left in his own life to be ruined by the real world. David’s approach starts to change at a critical second in the film. At the point when David (Bud) takes Jennifer out on the town, she offers him an apple; this stances as the main impetus of malevolent (or in any case freewill and information). Bud recognizes this second and acknowledges the time has come to acknowledge the change in Pleasantville, and perhaps being guileless to reality isn’t such a wonderful thing all things considered. Could change truly be that insidious? As we can plainly observe towards the center of the film, the characters in Pleasantville are getting strangely recognizable, as though they are likewise from out youth book of scriptures stories. Now it turns out to be very clear that we have allocated scriptural figures to specific characters in the film. As a matter of first importance, Mary sue is apparently the most unmistakable examination. Mary Sue welcomes sin into Pleasantville as she visits clear at darlings clear. This analyzes to Eve eating the apple in the Garden of Eden and submitting the principal sin among humankind, along these lines starting the pattern of information on great and fiendishness and enticement humanity has confronted from that point forward. Clearly David is Adam and he in the long run quits attempting to keep Mary sue down and surrenders to enticement, similarly as Adam and eve did in the holy book. The following character might be hard to make an association with. Bill Johnson who possesses the coffee shop is an immense power of progress in the film. He is has the greatest impact on Pleasantville close to Jennifer and David. Bill paints the Christmas wall painting each year in Pleasantville, and has the chance to take advantage of his musings and convictions. This could be what triggers him to be such an effect on the network during the hour of uncommon change. Bill is the principal man open to transform, he figures out how to deal with the coffee shop without anyone else, and he grasps it. This triggers his caught freewill to be discharged. At the point when bill turns out to be progressively alright with his recently discovered feeling of opportunity, he starts to torment in shading discharging new feelings and thus, Bill lets himself begin to look all starry eyed at. Bills character could speak to the advancement mankind makes to liberate themselves from their conviction framework and considering new ideas; Bill supports this. It is amusing how such a calm man’s contemplations could cause such an immense effect, just as represent a stage forward for humanity. The last character reference that would in all likelihood not be gotten on just by watching the film for satisfaction is the repairman. The repairmen could certainly assume the job of a higher force in Pleasantville; an omniscient power who could be contrasted with god himself. The repairmen is the person who sent Jennifer and David to Pleasantville in any case, similarly as god put Adam and eve on earth to live, and comply with his principles. David and Jennifer undeniably resisted the repairman’s orders, after the repairman confided in David to be in his heaven due to David’s exorbitant information on Pleasantville and how things work around there. The repairman kept on appearing on TVs in Pleasantville advising David and Jennifer fundamentally to tidy up, similarly as god cautioned Adam and eve to atone from in, as clarified in the book of scriptures. In spite of the fact that characters helped the watcher identify with the topic of the film, there were likewise conspicuous inferences to famous authentic occasions and dubious writing. Alongside religion, dubious writing and occasions in history were included to help discharge freewill and receptive outlooks in Pleasantville. This film shows to some degree the advancement of mankind through history from the time Adam and eve originally brought sin into the world. A significant number of the contentions in the film originated from this thought. To start, towards the finish of the film as freewill and shading spread rapidly through Pleasantville, there stayed a gathering of obstinate individuals who couldn't grasp change (as there consistently is ever). These individuals in Pleasantville started to consume shaded books loaded up with data that empowered freewill and liberal reasoning. This scene in the film is indistinguishable from a circumstance that occurred in history when strict individuals were frantically attempting to contain immaculateness and honesty by going without to find out about things that were not in light of a legitimate concern for god. This gives us that if everybody is history had have been as open to change as bud and bill Johnson had been. Certain contentions wouldn’t have emerged. Another reference to history is the acclaimed court scene that is incredibly like the preliminary that occurred in ‘the murder a taunting bird’ by Harper Lee. This scene in Pleasantville shows how the possibility of freewill and assorted variety was being mistreated by obstinate individuals who were totally contradict to change. In ‘to execute a taunting bird’ we see history pushing ahead with the assistance of Atticus finch safeguarding a dark man. This equivalent subject applies here as David and Bill Johnson, just as other shaded Pleasantville residents energize improve. One of the Last references in the film was exceptionally expansive and has happened in history over and again. This thought was that painting and creative articulation was being abused in Pleasantville similarly as it was in the western world for endless years for a similar explanation as the consuming books and the court preliminary. It is human instinct for individuals to become restless and agitated with regards to change; residents of Pleasantville became disturbed when work of art showed up around the city since seeing something so disputable was amazingly nerve wracking. The little notices of other questionable writing, for example, Moby dick, of mice and men and master of the flies painted into the fine art additionally gave watchers the sense history rehashing itself. Eventually, the signifiers in this film were exceptionally clear anyway as an expert of the structuralist viewpoint it was significantly more hard to locate the importance of every inference in the film. Structuralism’s primary scientific component is semiology. Pleasantville’s many shrouded topics and implications can be uncovered through imagery and chronicled, strict inferences. All things considered, the watcher could consolidate the semiology to shape a subject deciphered as so†¦Jennifer and David assumed the job of Adam and eve in the Garden of Eden; they are put on the perfect earth (Pleasantville) with the information on great and insidious and the endowment of freewill. In the book of scriptures, Adam and eve exploit this and submit sin against god by fouling up in Eden. Numerous Christians accept this is the thinking for all fiendishness on earth. Anyway in Pleasantville this could be viewed as a stage forward for humankind, finding things. The genuine inquiry in the wake of watching this film, is religion keeping us down? Is religion the marvel that could be making mankind keep rehashing history and continually committing similar errors? The film Pleasantville truly makes you question mankind and how it meddles and entwines with religion and a higher

Passions

Passions Edit: Aww, shoot! I wrote you all this blog post last night, before I left the house, and then forgot to publish it. Well, here it is, a year late. And now, to hit the road for Vermont. Hope this helps with those last-minute applications, though. Hola! The title and mini-description attached to this post may have, despite my best efforts, given some of you a clue as to what this post will be about. Anybody who read my last post might also know, as I gave away some spoilers. Brought to you just in time for 2010 (think about it the writing of this post spanned almost TWO YEARS. I should get a raise for that), its Cams thoughts on the college essay process! Huzzah! Three Saturdays ago, I was walking through a far-too-familiar part of campus with my friend Kevin. (Coincidentally, my brother is also named Kevin. Relevant to you? Nope, but you read it anyways. Congratulations, youre procrastinating. Stop procrastinating and skip ahead to the college-relevant material, you slacker.) (Did the previous run-on aside cause you to forget what I was talking about? Good! Some mental exercise for you and literary laziness for me.) Because this year Kevin, a friend from my high school, is like many of you e.g. prefrosh material we were talking about the college essay process. For many people at my school, and many other people I knew, the college essay process was Not Fun. I can certainly agree with that when looking at the volume of work most high school seniors get themselves into e.g. the paperwork starts to ascend its usual two dimensions and acquire volume, because, well, theres a lot of it. Or, the electronic bits storing your apps start to acquire volume, but . hey, stop questioning my word usage. The other reason many people found the college essay to be Not Fun, though, and the reason I want to waste your time with here, was that they hated writing about themselves. Kevin and I, walking somewhere on campus, came to perhaps a far-too-hasty conclusion: thats stupid. We stopped (conversationally, that is), realized that might be not quite what we meant, and tried to describe what we actually meant. See, heres the thing the revolutionary bit what those people dont know is that the college essay should be *fun*. (eww, I sound like a guidance counselor I promise, Im still only one year past all yalls) (Yep, Im from Massachusetts, and I say that sometimes, mostly for kicks. People get angry at me for it) The college essay is a lot of work, but the work should not be bad; the reason behind that is fairly simple. You get to write about yourself! Youre not being self-centered, youre not facing a yawning audience; youre trying to show people the best parts about you! Now, granted, some people with low self-esteem might not like writing about themselves, but heres the cool bit: theyre not asking you to write about your faults! They want the best of you. The college essay is the time to shamelessly (but truthfully start lying and youll run into trouble, so please please please dont do it?) put your best foot forward and talk about you, the bits of you that you like most and that defin e you. That should be fun. If theres something about you that you wouldnt enjoy sharing with other people, then perhaps you shouldnt put it on your college application think first for a second about why you dont enjoy it. Its more than that, though; its not just writing about yourself. Its writing about your passions, your hobbies, your interests and your real drive; give them the reason you get up in the morning, give them the reason you stay up late, and give them the reason you like being you! Or if theres something in your life you want to change, give them that! The college essay, at least for most prompts (disclaimer: I havent looked at any, this year, including MITs _), is fairly flexible, because its designed to let you shine through, not just an essay. And are you ready for the best part? No matter what you write, your audience has to read it!* They get paid to read your college essay! Hah! And dont think its minimum wage just the other day, I was talking with Matt in the admissions office about which new Ferrari hes going to buy.** See, these people get money (cash, bills, dough!) to read YOUR essay about YOU. So why give them anything less? *I think so. Unless you dont write it, anyway. **Im making this up. However, Matt, if it were true that you can afford a Ferrari and are purchasing one, why havent you offered me rides yet? The college essay is your chance to shine; its a lot of work, but its where youre supposed to show people everything youre proud of, and everything youve worked for; if youve worked for things you care about, that should be a whole lot of fun. So procrastinators and re-writers alike (or anybody else still writing a college essay this year), go for it! You have till sometime tomorrow (check Matts post for the details) to get your essays in. Go make em great. Err, disclaimer: Despite being employed by MIT Admissions, I know very little about the college essay and how its evaluated. This is just my take on it. And Kevins. Dont take it as the official word of the admissions office, please; take it as one students blogular ramblings. (Also, good luck in March, everybody!) Have a happy 2010, and stop worrying about college so much go enjoy the rest of your senior year. Thats all, folks. -Cam

The Success Of A Company - 943 Words

For rapid growth of a company, there is a need for good decision making on the issues such as the culture of the business, staff hiring and spread of entrepreneurial culture among others. During his lecture, the CEO of the BOX Company, he reveals that the culture of the firm in all branches is essential to the success of the business. Such culture includes hardworking, accountability, rapid-acting and collaborative culture. However for one reason or the other, CEO and managers may find themselves making a poor decision. Below are various reasons that lead to a poor decision in a company. Firstly, the tendency of relying on experience leads to a poor decision in an organization. Some leaders base their action on the previous success of failure. Just because one succeeded on the former act, it does not mean it apply to the next act. For example, some managers tend to borrow the ideas of the experience that seemed useful. Contrary, it does not always work that way. The ideas may not work on the current situation. Similarly, it is hard for a manager to transfer their success from one company to another even if one has the track on the prior records of success. Secondly, is corporate politics in the business premises. Some leaders are addicted to politics, and they tend to make their decisions basing on the political motivation. Political motives are a hindrance to objectives decision making and make it hard to manage tasks at hand. In most cases such leaders getShow MoreRelatedThe Success Of A Company1706 Words   |  7 Pagesn operational arrange is signifi cant to the success of a company. A well-designed structure arrange may be a roadmap for folks to perform the responsibilities expeditiously at intervals the organization. The operational arrange identifies the following: what task should be completed, the personnel accountable for finishing same task, the timeframe or point for finishing a task, and also the price associated to finish work. Select Few may be a staffing firm placed in sharer, Georgia. The corporateRead MoreThe Success Of A Company1707 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction An operational arrange is significant to the success of a company. A well-designed structure arrange may be a roadmap for folks to perform the responsibilities expeditiously at intervals the organization. The operational arrange identifies the following: what task should be completed, the personnel accountable for finishing same task, the timeframe or point for finishing a task, and also the price associated to finish work. Select Few may be a staffing firm placed in sharer, GeorgiaRead MoreThe Success Of A Company1706 Words   |  7 PagesAn operational arrange is significant to the success of a company. A well-designed structure arrange may be a roadmap for folks to perform the responsibilities expeditiously at intervals the organization. The operational arrange identifies the following: what task should be completed, the personnel accountable for finishing same task, the timeframe or point for finishing a task, and also the price associated to finish work. Select Few may be a staffing firm placed in sharer, Georgia. The corporateRead MoreThe Success Of A Company1169 Words   |  5 PagesThe success of a company relies greatly upon proper marketing. A company must have a proper mix of all elements and marketing efforts in order to produce desirable sales results. Product is one of the components used in the marketing mix to attract a company’s target market. In relation to the marketing mix product is defined as, an object or a service that is mass produced or manufactured on a large scale with specific volume of units. Determining the product or service and who it will be producedRead MoreThe Success Of A Company1967 Words   |  8 Pagesacknowledged as being successful. This paper is focusing on what success is for a company, the different areas that a company can achieve success, regarding the goals that are set, and through Coca – Cola‘s sustainability report will try to demonstrate which and how performance in dicators are used to form a successful organisation. DEFINE SUCCESS To define or measure success, firstly the organisational purpose must be decided. The purpose of a company is not always to become more profitable. Profit providesRead MoreThe Success Of A Company2409 Words   |  10 PagesPrior to 2003, Google was an unprofitable company that was looking for a stable revenue source. In 2003, Google launched Google AdWords, which is a program that allows businesses to advertise to people who search for things on Google.com. 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Each analysis supplies adequate information for the company to make modifications to better serve their target market. A firm addressing the strengths and weaknessesRead MoreDiversity For Success Of The Company1036 Words   |  5 Pagesdiversity is critical. Therefore, based on the extensive information offered touching on diversity in the workplace, I will be utilizing the book to draw on the ways the managers of an organization ought to handle the issue of diversity for success of the company. The article authored by Cox, bearing the recent trends in business globally, together with gender and ethnic diversity, which is on the rise, and forcing the managers to value of cultural differences. The article provides the essence of

A Naval Reservist Is Sentenced For Mishandling Classified...

SACRAMENTO, Calif. — A Naval reservist was sentenced for mishandling classified military materials. A federal attorney announced Wednesday that Bryan Nishimura of Folsom, California, pleaded guilty to the unauthorized removal and retention of classified materials. Nishimura, deployed in Afghanistan in 2007 and 2008 as a regional engineer, admitted to downloading classified briefings and digital records onto his personal electronic devices. He carried the materials off base and brought them back to the U.S. when his deployment ended. An FBI search of Nishimura s home turned up classified materials, but did not reveal evidence he intended to distribute them. He was sentenced to two years of probation and a $7,500 fine, and was ordered to surrender his security clearance. He is barred from seeking a future security clearance. -Navy Times There is no way of getting around this: According to Director James Comey (disclosure: a former colleague and longtime friend of mine), Hillary Clinton checked every box required for a felony violation of Section 793(f) of the federal penal code (Title 18): With lawful access to highly classified information she acted with gross negligence in removing and causing it to be removed it from its proper place of custody, and she transmitted it and caused it to be transmitted to others not authorized to have it, in patent violation of her trust. Director Comey even conceded that former Secretary Clinton was â€Å"extremely careless† and strongly

Essay about Your first lab link can be found at What Makes...

MIREN RULE Your first lab link can be found at What Makes a Good Parent? A written transcript is also available for this lab. What makes a good parent according to Dr. Tanya Byron? According to Dr. Tanya Bryon she states that being a good parent is one that doesn’t worry a lot about being a good one. She said that parents who follow a book or a step-by-step process tend to have problems. Parenting should be done by the heart not from someone or something else. What are some of the common problems that children might have? Sleeping, Toilet problems, eating problems, and sometimes catching temper tantrums. Why is play important in the parent-child relationship? Play is important in the parent-child relationship. Play can improve bonding†¦show more content†¦Do you think the fathers enjoy fatherhood more today than in the past? Why or why not? Yes I believe the fathers enjoy fatherhood more today than in the past because parenting at an early age is kind of tougher and as a young person you would want to get a job or start a career first, whereas the men now are in their 30’s which gave them a little break because their maturity level increased rather than when they were young and they have good paying careers to help financially become a parent. What are some of the difficulties that new fathers (and mothers) face? Some of the difficulties that new fathers and mothers face is sleep deprivation. Being in the child’s life alone is hard, everyone is different in many ways so you have to put in hard work and dedication to meet the criteria of the baby. Your third lab link can be found at Adora Svitak: What Adults Can Learn From Kids. A written transcript is also available for this lab. What are some of the benefits of being â€Å"childish†? Some of the benefits of being of being childish can include making irrational demands, and being irresponsible. Why does Svitak say that adults should listen and learn from kids and not just have kids learning from kids? Do you agree? Why or why not? Svitak says that since kids do much of the learning from adults, it should be somewhat the opposite and adults should learn sometimes from kids. Although most adult’s knowledge is way higher than a child’s, there may be something theShow MoreRelatedDebating The Evidence On Spanking940 Words   |  4 PagesAbby Straessle Psychology Lab 3 18 October 2017 Debating the Evidence on Spanking According to Smith (2012), spanking does not lead to immediate obedience. Alan Kazdin, a Yale University psychology professor and director of the Yale Parenting Center and Child Conduct Clinic, says spanking does not work and â€Å"you cannot punish out these behaviors that you do not want.† Spanking does not lead to long term obedience either. 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Public Relations Management Airline Company’s †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Public Relations Management Airline Companys. Answer: Introduction This report is designed to provide a brief outline of the importance of Public Relation Management for a business organization. For this purpose, the accident faced by the Malaysian Airlines has been taken, which had lost an aircraft MH370 due to some unknown reasons. The report also discusses the MAs subsequent handling of its relationships with the families of the victims. Finally, the report concludes with some valuable recommendations to the company so as it can tackle such situations effectively in future. Analysis of the Situation A terrible situation was faced by the Malaysian Airlines Flight 370 on 8th March, 2014, when it was travelling to Beijing from Kuala Lumpur. Before takeoff, the flight lost contact with the air-traffic controller and disappeared from radar screens shortly thereafter. This disappearance of Malaysian flight became one of the biggest aviation mysteries of all time. It activated the multinational search and media interest over a million square miles which cost 10 million of dollars (Thompson et al., 2016). The aircraft was carried of twelve crew members, and over two hundred passengers from fourteen different countries. This mystery remained unsolved and the efforts of international rescue on this issue have emerged as the biggest in the history. The initial news in the response of the loss of flight MH370 was out on 8th March, 2014, at 7:24 (MYT). This delayed communication has caused a creditability gap and it led to the Malaysian Airlines to face crisis response operation and unexpected challenges. The crisis communication of the Airlines made the Public Relation team under a severe inquiry as it played the role of carrier (Howell, 2015). Over two hundred families of the passengers are still waiting for the answers and so does the rest of the public. The Malaysian government and Malaysian Airlines had declared with the Investigation Branch of Air Accidents on 24th March, 2014 that it has been assumed that the flight MH370 had drawn in the Southern part of Indian Ocean. They also assumed that beyond any reasonable doubt, there is no probability of the flights survival. However, the job of searching is still going on in order to get the confirmation of aircraft debris and crash site. This unbelievable incident has made the participants on face book and twitter attempt to receive as many opinions as possible (Jansen et al., 2016). The accident emerged as the nightmare for the Malaysian Airlines communication practitioners, and as a result, they were forced to fight with a huge number of criticisms, comments, and appeals for the information in real time on the social media. Crisis Management Theory From PR Perspective An organization can easily become exposed to the unexpected accidents, if it fails to manage the crisis effectively. Inability to apply Crisis Management can become as threat or destructive to the company and can disrepute it in the long-run. In context of Malaysian Airlines, public communication from Malaysian executives was made with confusion (Smith, and Marks, 2014). The investigators measured and determined the public relations efforts from Malaysian Airlines prospect to deal with the Crisis Management. It was apparent that Malaysia Airlines was not proactive and failed to anticipate the threats as its weapon. Although a Crisis Communication team was formed by the Malaysia Airlines, but the members were not given adequate training for tackling that exceptional situation. The government officials were acting as the crisis communicator for the airlines and it was dependent on them for communicating the information. Since government institutions were not interested in crisis management, they did not show any empathy to the families of victims. Also, they had dissimilar communicator communicating objectives than the Malaysian Airlines (Kaiser, 2014). Thus, it was only the affected organization which could effectively communicate with the families and relatives of the passengers and crew members. There were different kinds of public involved in the accident. Majority of them were external parties such as relatives of the victims, existing as well as the potential investors of the organization, and shareholders. Critical Evaluation The estimations have shown that dealing of Malaysian Airline loss of MH370 has been a public-relation hazard. The pitch was established during the initial days by the confusion of authorities, and conflicting messages. The greatest failing was the unwillingness to publish information. It made the families of the victims annoyed and upset. A heralded report was then released by the government of Malaysia on the vanishing of the flight. Moreover, various opposition parties of the government criticized that Malaysias ineffective governance system is the main cause of bad reputation of the company. On the other hand, some critics argued that Malaysia is more controlling than being democratic as it possesses a little transparency and answerability in government (Lee, and Han, 2016). However, these government officials are justified in their opinions because communication failure in the Airline crisis has covered up their success by introducing a unique alliance of nations to look for the flight. In oppose of this, from technical perspectives, many agencies stated that Malaysia did a great job using the insufficient resources. Also, in order to open up to its partners, and share sensitive details of its military radar system with China, the country has done more than the required call of duty. The organization used family communication, dark website, #MASAlert, and text messages to communicate the disaster and notify the victims family members. However, it was suggested that messages were required to be more personal and a phone call should have been made to each victims family. #MASAlert enabled social communication among the affected people, but it also resulted in a lot of criticism from the comments of the public. Could it happen again Considering the crisis of disappearance of MH370, questions were raised regarding the reasons about the difficulty faced in tracing the exact location of all aircraft while they are in the air (Trinanes et al., 2016). It may change at the end of the year 2018 because communications firm Iridium is likely to introduce sixty six new satellites that will be able track flights position and speed throughout the entire world. The CEO of Iridium, Daniel Colussey has stated that for the first time, an aircraft has not been surveilled over the poles. In this view, two satellite companies have already switched on and started returning the data. One of the Singapores newspapers, named The Independent newspaper over the duration of sixty two hours, the unique codes and positional data of around seventeen thousand planes are collected by one satellite. It covers oceans and vulnerable regions where radar is not able to reach. This new development indicates that the altitude and positioning of aircrafts will become more accurate in future, which will make it harder for the planes to vanish the way the MH370 did. Conclusion On the basis of above discussions, it can be concluded that Malaysian Airlines has confronted a difficult situation with the relatives and friends of the lost passengers. Due to this terrible situation, the company also lost its financial fortunes. It can be said that recovering the airline brand will require a major communications shift and international communications agencies. Also, the Malaysian Airlines tried to manage the crisis using social media platforms (Mujeebu, 2016). A huge number of real time information was appeared online and spread the crisis on the global level. Overall, the company failed to handle the disappearance of the flight and to act empathetically towards the families of victims. Recommendations The Malaysian Airlines could safeguard its public image if it would have acted ethically and wisely. It would have been much better to be fully honest and transparent in the public and media from the initial day of the crisis. The CEO should have been alert the public and communicate the situation with the public when it was confirmed that they had lost the contact with the aircraft. Next, the organization should have made proper arrangements for establishing a crisis center immediately for the families and relatives at the airport (Azmi et al., 2016). Malaysia Airlines should always be prepared in future for the worse happenings and the vanishing of MH370 was indeed the worse. It should also ensure that public relations are properly managed during any sort of crisis by giving first priority to those public, here the victims families who are directly affected by the crisis. References Azmi, M.N.L., Rahman, N.A.A.A., Halim, Z.A. and Hamid, M.F.A., (2016) Crisis Management in Communication: A Study on MH370, MH17 and QZ8501 Aviation Tragedies.Media Watch,7(3), pp.281-298. Howell, G.V., (2015) MH370 All lives lost: the Black SwanDisaster Confirmed with a 26 Word Txt.Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal,16(1), pp.8-21. Jansen, E., Coppini, G. and Pinardi, N., (2016) Drift simulation of MH370 debris using superensemble techniques.Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,16(7), pp.1623-1628. Kaiser, S.A., (2014) Legal considerations about the missing malaysia airlines flight MH 370.Air and Space Law,39(4), pp.235-244. Lee, C. and Han, L., (2016) Faith-based organization and transnational voluntarism in China: a case study of the Malaysia airline MH370 incident.Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations,27(5), pp.2353-2373. Mujeebu, M.A., (2016) The disappearance of MH370 and the search operationsThe role of technology and emerging research challenges.IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine,31(3), pp.6-16. Smith, W.H. and Marks, K.M., (2014) Seafloor in the Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 search areaEos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,95(21), pp.173-174. Thompson, M., Cooper, J. and Harman, J., (2016) The Search for MH370: Where Are We Now?.Air and Space Law,41(6), pp.459-473. Trinanes, J.A., Olascoaga, M.J., Goni, G.J., Maximenko, N.A., Griffin, D.A. and Hafner, J., (2016) Analysis of flight MH370 potential debris trajectories using ocean observations and numerical model results.Journal of Operational Oceanography,9(2), pp.126-138.

Kevin Michael free essay sample

New Wave Soul Artist Kevin Michael You cant pin this guy down with one lable. Kevin Michael mixes funk, soul, hip-hop, r, and everything else to make his own sound. Not only is he an amazing singer, hes got a background and he uses that in his music. He sings about- among many things- multi-racial couples. This is pulled from his real life, his mother being bi-racial and his father being black. He is definitely pulling away from mainstream thought about music. Kevin Michael mixes all different sounds and sings about more than just cash and cars and girls, all of which we hear too much about on the radio today. When he is in concert, he has a DJ and a guitar player/beat boxer who does his background beats. He doesnt stand at the microphone and sing the songs hes sung a million and two times before, he dances around the stage and lives the music like he digs it as much as he did the first time it was put together. We will write a custom essay sample on Kevin Michael or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That being said, he is still an artist on the rise. He is original and has so much vocal talent, but he isnt recognized by a large portion of regular people yet. I was truly crestfallen seeing him in concert with The Hives and Maroon 5, not getting received well by the audience. He is getting there, though, and I am sure it is only a matter of time until Kev Michael will be all youll hear on the radio. :VV:

Logistics Issues Facing Both Easyjet and Ryanair

Logistics Issues Facing Both Easyjet and Ryanair Free Online Research Papers 1. INTRODUCTION After the deregulation of the airline industry in Europe which became fully effective in April 1997, one of the main and most interesting aspects of the free market has been the entry in the industry of Low Cost Airlines (LCA). Taking their business model from American air carrier Southwest, Ryanair and its Luton-based rival EasyJet are by far the largest low cost airlines in Europe. Even though the two firms have slightly different strategies the competition between them is extremely intense. This paper will be made up of three parts: first a general description will present some interesting figures of both companies EasyJet and Ryanair followed by a more accurate explanation of their strategies and eventually logistics issues will be discussed. 2. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION LCA fly to short-haul destinations and use only one or two types of aircraft. Most competitors have chosen the Boeing 737 to have large flexibility, fewer stand-by crews, and lower training and maintenance costs (Cranfield University Report, 2000). 2.1 Fleet Headquartered in Luton, UK, EasyJet is one of the leading low fare airlines in the European airline market, with a fleet of 122 aircrafts in 2006 from which 35 are Boeing 737 and 87 are Airbus A319s (see Appendix, Table 1).The age average of the aircrafts being 2.2 years. Meanwhile Ryanair’s fleet is made of 120 Boeing 737 with a capacity of 189 passengers each. 2.2 Employees On the 30th of September 2006, EasyJet employed 4,859 people. Among them were cabin crew, pilots, baggage handling agents and others. Meanwhile, Ryanair employed 3,453 people. 2.3 Route Network Both firms have high frequency daily flights (which correspond to â€Å"product availability† for Kasilingam, 1998). Ryanair has even â€Å"been voted as the airline with the best punctuality and highest frequency† (Ryanair Holdings PLC Datamonitor Report, 2007). It operates between 133 airports across 24 countries on 436 routes, carrying approximately 45% of all scheduled travellers traffic between Dublin and London (Ryanair Holdings PLC Datamonitor Report, 2007). Regarding EasyJet, it flies between 74 key European airports providing a transportation service for leisure and business customers on 289 routes in 11 countries which are UK, France, Spain, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Denmark, Italy, Czech Republic, Greece, Germany, and Portugal (see Appendix, Map 1 and 2). 2.4 Passengers According to their respective websites, in 2000 EasyJet transported annually 5.996 million people while Ryanair carried 7.002 million passengers. Last year, in 2006, EasyJet and Ryanair transported respectively 32.953 million and 42.500 million customers (see Appendix, Chart 1). 3. TWO COMPANIES, ONE STRATEGY: COSTS REDUCTION According to Proussaloglou and Koppelman (1999), when passengers choose a flight, they try to maximise their â€Å"air travel utility†. In their analysis, the elements that influence the choice of travellers are â€Å"the market presence, quality of service, frequent flyer membership, fare levels and travel restriction, and schedule convenience offered by each available flights†. Do EasyJet and Ryanair meet travellers’ requirements? Ryanair’s Chief Executive Michael OLeary is obsessed about keeping costs down and said We want to be known as the Wal-Mart of flying (Maier, 2006) In order to be competitive and be able to offer low fare airline services, LCA try to cut all unnecessary costs so that they can boost their tight profit margins. Regarding the â€Å"placement of facilities†, EasyJet flies mainly to leading airports while Ryanair uses far more secondary airports; In so doing, they reduce costs as secondary airports are generally â€Å"less congested than major airports and can be expected to provide higher rate of on-time departures† (Ryanair Holdings PLC Datamonitor Report, 2007). O’Leary wants to make air travel free (free as in zero cost). By the end of the decade, he promises, more than half of our passengers will fly free (Maier, 2006). EasyJet gains efficiencies through rapid turnaround times (30 minutes and below) and progressive landing chares agreements with the airports. Free seating which is offered by both airlines, contributes to the rapid turnarounds. The use of an innovative distribution system such as the Internet enables EasyJet and Ryanair to reduce their distribution costs. Over 90% of all seats on EasyJet’s flights are sold over the Internet, making them one of Europe’s biggest Internet retailers. â€Å"Ticketless† travel reduces costs as it eliminates the cost of issuing, distributing, processing and reconciling millions of tickets each year. Furthermore the Internet allows travellers to book; change and view flights 24 hours a day which is referred to, by Kasilingam as â€Å"accuracy of filling an order† (Kasilingam, 1998). LCA do not, in general, provide loyalty cards to attract frequent flyers, thereby avoid the setting up and maintenance costs of the service. Other ways in which EasyJet and its main rival reduce costs include not serving meals to passengers on their flights, which reduces the cleaning fee. It also means charging passengers for practically every amenity they might consume. 4. LOGISTICS ISSUES Kasilingam (1998) defines logistics as the â€Å"process of moving, storing and retrieving material, people and information efficiently and economically†, then goes on to divide its system into major planning areas: 4.1 Customer service levels â€Å"Product availability† and â€Å"accuracy of filling an order† have already been mentioned in sub-sections 2.4 and 3.1 respectively. ? Regarding staff language skills we can say that English being one of the most popular language worldwide, staff members from United Kingdom are advantaged. But, it is not enough. Both companies require their cabin crew to be fluent in written and spoken English. No other languages are required and no language training is conducted. According to Ryanair and EasyJet passengers’ comments, staff language skills are respectively â€Å"very poor† and â€Å"poor† (Skytrax). This could be a major problem for both airlines as globalisation is expending very fast. Wanting to avoid language training costs or not hiring enough qualified staff could make them lose customers as it diminishes the quality of the customer service provided. ? This lack of skills can also result in complaints. EasyJet and Ryanair had to face lot of complaints regarding the fact that there is no information about compensation for missing a flight and no attempt to provide alternates solutions to travellers. Some passengers put forward the fact that it is cheap but the cheap prices do not in any way make up for the lack of services (Skytrax). The fact that these companies are viewed as â€Å"money grabbing tactics† users is damaging both companies’ brand image and reduces their competitiveness. 4.2 Location decision The competitive advantage taken from â€Å"Placement of facilities† has already been discussed in sub-section 3.1. 4.3 Transportation Management â€Å"Transportation mode, fleet size, route selection and just in time† have been examined in section 2. But we can also point out that the creation of new route networks leads to another logistics issue. More routes imply more flights and consequently more planes. This means that, the more routes companies take on, the more planes they will have to purchase. Apart from Kasilingam major planning areas, companies like airlines have to face other issues related to logistics: 4.4 Petrol We all know that petrol is one of the commercialised goods that suffer fluctuation nearly everyday. It affects not only direct consumers in gas stations (car/motorcycle owners) but also airline companies who generally augment ticket prices to cover the rises. Ryanair remains one of the only airlines to guarantee no fuel surcharges ever, prompting even more passengers to flock to their lowest fares. This marketing strategy allows the firm to keep the same price range whatever the variation of petrol price. In doing so, its customers will not be affected and thus not disappointed by the petrol fluctuation. 4.5 Airlines and the Nature 4.5.1 Environment By owning young fleet and flying to short haul destination, with an average of 954 kilometers in 2006, EasyJet was able to reduce CO2 emissions and fuel burn per passenger kilometre. Ryanair has as well achieved to reduce fuel consumption and emissions of almost 52% between 1998 and 2006 (Ryanair). Both airline companies deliver travellers directly to their destination, it is to say with only one flight (point-to-point).This avoid passengers to take connection flights which necessitate two take-offs and two landings, in so doing both airlines limit emissions. This concern for environmental issues does not go unnoticed by clients and, like for the petrol issue, it permits both companies to gain new clients and/or keep their customers. 4.5.2 Climate Bad weather is a big worry for airlines, and LCA are well known for their lack of organisation when it happens. Kevin Shanahan, an EasyJet client, witnesses on the 20th March 2007 on a Skytrax passenger forum: â€Å"Inbound flight to Geneva couldnt land due to bad weather late at night. Found out by phoning home before EasyJet told us at the airport. No help from EasyJet staff to find a hotel for the night (Too late for tourist information), no help to get transport to the hotel. Insufficient places on flight next day [†¦]†. Once again disappointment is present. 5. CONCLUSION â€Å"The traditional low-cost model has been that of the charter or non-scheduled airlines which have been such a success in Europe. But the second model introduced into Europe in the late 1990’s is that of the point-to-point, low-cost, no-frills scheduled airlines like EasyJet and Ryanair† (Doganis, 2001). Europe’s LCA models are without a doubt EasyJet and Ryanair, but as every other firm, they have to cope with logistics issues. In this report we have tried to examine them at a strategic level, not focusing on what they do and how, but on WHY. 7. REFERENCES ? Cranfield College of Aeronautics, 2000. Europe’s Low Cost Airlines. An Analysis of the economics and operating characteristics of Europe’s charter and low costs scheduled carriers. Air Transport Group, Cranfield University, Cranfield. ? Doganis, R. (2001) The Airline Business in the 21st Century. New York: Routledge ? Easyjet, About us (2006) Information pack. [Cited 20th March 2007]. ? Kasilingam, R.G. (1998) Logistics and Transportation: design and planning. Kluwer Academic. ? Maier, M. (2006) A radical fix for airlines: Make flying free. Business 2.0 Available on CNN Money website ? Proussaloglou, K. and Koppelman, F. S., 1999. The choice of air carrier, flight, and fare class. Journal of Air Transport Management. 5: 193-201. ? Ryanair, About us (2007). [Cited 21st March 2007]. ? Ryanair Holdings PLC Datamonitor Report, 2007. ? Skytrax, Airline Ranking (2007). [Cited 26th March 2007] ? Yahoo, Finance UK (2007) Investing. [Cited 15th March 2007] Research Papers on Logistics Issues Facing Both Easyjet and RyanairNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaTwilight of the UAWDefinition of Export QuotasOpen Architechture a white paperMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Project Managment Office SystemInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

Compounds Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Compounds - Assignment Example The shampoo is used for pets and is not used for human needs. The shampoo is used to groom mainly dogs and horses and they are rendered fatal if consumed. This is due to the high iodine content which can cause iodine poisoning when consumed. Another iodine product that is commonly used is Kent Marine Concentrated Iodine used in aquariums. Iodine occurs naturally in plants and in some animals and animal products. Iodine easily attaches to organic compounds and this explains why the main sources include animals and plants. Many plants contain iodine as it occurs naturally on earth and when plants are growing, they absorb it from the soil. Iodine is more concentrated in water bodies as compared to the dry earth (ACP, 1996). For this reason, seaweeds are considered to be the richest in iodine concentration compared to other plants. Examples of such seaweeds include Nori, Hijiki, Dulse, sea lettuce, Kombu, and Wakame and they are all edible. Animals and animal products also contain natural iodine. Examples include sea animals, especially fish and shellfish, especially the ones found in salt water bodies. Milk and eggs are also a rich source of natural iodine. Food fortification technology is a common practice in the food industry. Table salt was among the first products to be iodized and its use is to supplement dietary iodine. Food fortification is aimed at achieving the required dietary intake of any given minerals. It is also aimed at improving the bioavailability of that given mineral by enhancing its absorption in the body. This technology utilizes the ionic form of Iodine (Iodides and Iodates). Iodization of animal products is also done so as to increase the natural source of iodine content in animal products. Iodine is also used in other fields. In the medical fields, radioisotope technology is commonly used in the diagnosis (Eagleson, 1994). This is referred to as nuclear medicine where a radioactive isotope is used to map the extent of the

Introduction to Marketing PowerPoint Presentation

Introduction to Marketing - PowerPoint Presentation Example outsourcing social media marketing services from the social media companies that have since been established and now, looking to dominate the industry. The overall market size for the social media advertising companies cannot be estimated precisely because to do so, one will need to count the ever-growing number of companies and institutions being established daily, and who essentially need to market their products. Thousands of existing companies and institutions are already outsourcing social media services, so an estimate of 50% of all businesses countrywide would be an appropriate market size, for now. 1. Placing adverts for companies and institutions on all the six most popular social media platforms. These include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Google Plus+ and You Tube. The choice of platforms to use depends on the social media sites preferred by the client and most importantly, the nature of products and serviced being advertised. 2. Content creation and campaign management services. In an effort to marketing a particular product or service, there has to be a campaign to sensitize its use and the content in that campaign needs to be original. 4. Research, monitoring and analysis of social media marketing.- success depends on your ability to measure and understand your efforts. Community measurement is an essential tool in social media marketing. 2. The top areas businesses want to flourish in are tactics and engagement processes - At least 89% of companies want to use the most effective social tactics and engagement plans for their social media audience. 4. Businesses want to make the most out of Google+ - While 54% of big corporations are using Google+, 65% of smaller companies want to know more about it and 61% plan on increasing Google+ activities this year. 5. Podcasting is on growth trajectory-Though only 6% of companies have utilized podcasting in their advertising, 21% plan to increase their podcasting activities this year. That is

International Business And Organizational Factors Apple Inc Smartphones

International Business And Organizational Factors Apple Inc Smartphones Global marketing is perhaps one of the most significant factors in todays business world since it has made tremendous changes in the way the business is carried out around the world. Globalization and international business have been central to the developments and radical changes in the recent years and it has deeply affected people, management processes, business and economy. A large number of companies went global to utilize marketing opportunities for the realization of their business potential by successfully establishing sustainable competitive advantages and better marketing position where as many firms have failed in their international expansion efforts as they didnt heed the basic tenets ingrained in the critical business environments. In todays increasingly competitive and international free market economy contexts, transnational exchanging of technology, infrastructure and demographic movement have become increasingly important (Johnson and Turner, 2003, p. 1). The ultimate outcome of this growing importance of international business is that a customer, no matter whether he lives in Europe, Asia, Africa or Australia, will be familiar with a large number of world-class brands like Apple, Cadbury, Coca-cola, Dell, Ford, HP, Nestle, Nokia, Toyota and so on. The effect of globalization is that new brands are seemingly born global, For this research paper, Apple Inc- specifically its Smartphone sector- has been chosen to conduct detailed analysis on the literature related to the international business and organizational factors. This research paper presents an analysis on internal and external environment of the chosen organization- Apple Inc and examines its strategies for international marketing in terms of effectiveness and usefulness for its international operation. International Business: The case of Apple Inc Apple inc, founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne in the 1970s is one of the most internationally influential and highly successful companies of today. It is an American multinational company that designs, makes and markets PCs, portable music players, cell phones, software, computer peripheral and services. It markets through its own retailing, online stores and third party sellers (Sander and Slatter, 2009, p. 81, Linzmayer, 2004). Apple was the first mainstream marketer for personal computers and is still an important market player worldwide and it has become a niche player by setting the pace for ease of use, innovative design and customer loyalty. Apples story is that one off-hobby machines that a most talented electronic expert made for himself has eventually become the core of the global marketing of one of the most successful companies of all times (OGrady, 2008, p. 1) Most of high tech companies focused only on a particular line of product whereas Apple made it different that it manufactured personal computer, created an operating system that can run in it and designed various application and software programs that fits it, and more over discovered and established market for digital music players and Smartphone. Apple is not confined in a particular market; instead, it plays significant roles in various high competitive markets like PC, software, operating system, digital music player and Smartphone. With innovative design and product differentiation strategy, it has so far produced a number of various unique products including iMac, iLife, iTunes, iPad, iPod, iPhone and 3G iPhones. Apple is better known for its wise and visionary strategic thinking that has helped it overcome marketing and competitive issues. For instance, when it experienced significant financial loss of around $45 million in 2002, Apples visionary management took effective competitive strategies that could help it stay strong in the market. The strategic thinking of Apples management has always guided it to create a focal point for decision making to help it protect the organization from the ambiguous and uncertain situations (Walker, 2003, p. 4). Apples recent developments -iPhone and 3G iPhone- became some of the most discussed new technology outcomes of the recent generation throughout the world. Its strategies of ease of use, simplicity, efficiency and fun are the major factors that helped it make its Smart phones seem to be different species than that of its competitors (Newsweek, 2007) Tilmann (2010) reported that Apples share in the worldwide PC market is constantly increasing. It has become the fifth largest PC seller in the US market for the first quarter of 2010, shipping 1,398 milion Macs computer machines. Apple is the seventh largest cell phone marketer, holding 2.7% market share in the worldwide cell phone markets, having a 112.2% increase in mobile devise sales. Apple is the third largest Smartphone marketer in the world during the first quarter of 2010. (Gartner, 2010) Apple is going to release its iPhone OS and therefore it is expected that second quarter of 2010 will be a very important one for Apple (Gartner, 2010). Apple is spending huge on RD in order to provide its customers with products and services, made up of latest technology and innovation, with supreme quality and reliability. Carson (2008) reported that more than 500 million subscribers were offered a legitimate iPhone deal in the beginning of 2008, with a target of big gains from its international marketing. The launch of iPhone had thus created a massive global footprint. Apples international marketing of iPhone has been first channeled through SingTel of Singapore, Bharti Airtel of India, Globe Telephones of Philippines and Optus of Australia, adding 100 million potential customers to its brand. International marketing has been highly significant for Apple in recent years. Its global sale of PCs and digital music players have contributed major share of its total revenues. For instance, Apple posted revenue of $9.6 billion and a net quarterly profit of $ 1.6 billion in the first quarter of 2008, showing a gross margin of 34.7% from the 31.2% figure of the year of gross profit. International sales accounted for 45% of its total revenues (OGrady, 2008, 162). International Business Environment of Apple Inc This section of the research paper analyzes micro and macro environments of Apples international business. The SWOT analysis and PESTEL analysis are considered in this section to analyze international business environments both micro and macro levels. SWOT analysis of Apple Inc Analyzing both internal and external environments is vital in strategic planning because it can help management take decisive actions regarding resources allocation, measuring efficiency of operation and evaluating the productivity of employees. SWOT is a very useful technique for analyzing both micro and macro environments of a firm drawing together key strengths and weaknesses as presented internal (micro) analysis and opportunities and threats as presented external (macro) analysis (Beamish and Ashford, 2007, p. 42). Internal Environment: Strengths According to Datamonitors (2010) report, Apples total revenue has been increased to the highest record figure of $ 42,905 million in 2008 from 2007 total revenue of $24,578 million. This growth shows that its annual growth rate is 32.15% which is an outranking performance as compared to many other firms playing in the same market. Apple has very recently reported that its financial performance for the 2010 first quarter has been increased to $15.68 billion (Apple.com). When it comes to its focus on innovation, technology and RD, it is obvious that its focus on RD and its thrive on innovation has been a critical factor behind its success. Its RD spending for 2009 only was accounted to be $1,333 million (Datamonitor, 2010). Apple is highly rewarded for its unique brand success and brand loyalty. Datamonitor (2010) reported that Apples brand image has been im porved to the 20th position in 2009 from the 24th position of 2008 and 35th position of 2007. With a number of unique names, Apples products like iTunes, iLife, iMac, iPad and iPhone are not attributable to any brand other than Apple. This brand image and loyalty remains to be its major strength in its international markets. Internal Analysis: Weaknesses Design and manufacturing defects are major risks that many high tech electronic companies often face from its corporate customers and end users. As Apple is dealing with innovative products and advanced technology, any defects in its products can adversely affect its international business. For instance, Apple faced risks of defects with Ultracompact USB in 2008 causing it to exchange every components for new redesigned adapters (Datamonitor, 2010). Similarly, patent infringement seems to another risk, as common for high tech and Multinationals. In 2007 alone, Apple had to spend huge amount only for defending more than 47 patent infringement cases (Datamonitor, 2010). External Environment: Opportunities When it comes to Apples international business, the main opportunity that it enjoys is its growing market-share Apples Smartphone. It is still expected to grow further in the years to come. Apples Smartphone market has been valued as 15% of the total mobile market of 2009. It is estimated that Apples Smartphone market is likely to account 35% of the worldwide mobile market in 2012. Apart from this, touch screen device has been a trend among customers that in turn will be another opportunity for Apple in its global marketing (Datamonitor, 2010) Apples mobile PC is another species that recently attracted greater number of customers. The market for mobile PCs also is expected to increase in the coming years. Apples mobile PCs sales have been found to be increased by 15% in 2009. Both Smartphone and mobile PCs give greater opportunities for Apple and therefore it can grab the slices of these emerging hot markets by further enhancing quality, diversity, technology, innovation and designs. External Environment: Threats Self reliance for components is always a positive point for a manufacturer especially when it goes global. As far as Apples case is concerned, it is depending on third party components like DRAM, NAND and flat panel displays, that in turn not only bring chances of causing cost disadvantages but also raises issues of liabilities and components defects (Datamonitor, 2010). The competition in the worldwide market for PCs, software, digital music players and cell-phones is extremely rigorous. Apple is playing in such an environment where large multinationals like HP, Dell, Acer, Microsoft, Nokia, Fujitsu, Sony Ericsson are major competitors and going head on head with them is extremely challenging. PEST analysis of Apple Inc A better organization is one, which easily gets accustomed with changing business contexts. Changing business environments can be evaluated and understood only if effective analysis can be carried out. PEST analysis is an invaluable tool for analyzing external (macro) environment of a firm including competitors, suppliers and customers. PEST analysis divides a firms overall environments in to four, political, economic, social and technological (Gregory, 2000, p. 49). Apples external environments are detailed below: Political Environment Shenkar and Luo (2004) emphasized that the political processes faced by an MNE, let it be compliance, evasion, negotiation, cooperation and coalition building, are more difficult and problematic than that in domestic operation. It is mainly because; the number of political constituencies including government, union, political parties and interested groups are multiplied in international business environments (p. 175). As far as Apples case is concerned, its marketing in countries like China, India and other Asian countries are more likely to be affected by any changes in political and government policies can have significant impact on its business. Economic Environment When Apple chooses a specific entry mode to enter in to a country, it has to consider a number of economic and other factors. Economic factors in other countries like financial strength, exchange rate fluctuations, Foreign direct investment and related policies and other economic variables can also have significant influence on Apples international business. The growth of Apples market share in Smartphone and other sectors shows that it has been less affected by the worst financial downturn of the recent years as compared to other firms. Social Environment The significance of social and cultural factors to a firms international business cannot be overestimated. Consumers worldwide tend to become more attracted to Smartphone and touch screen devices. Even though the general social factors are positive for Apples Smartphone market in other countries, various other social factors like attitude towards foreign products, cultural entities and social values can up to an extent create challenges on its business (Shenkar and Luo, 2004, p. 150). Technological Environment Apples relentless focus on technology and innovation is its major strength that helps it gain better competitive advantages. Apples technology is its another positive factor because people worldwide tends to embrace latest technology quicker. Apple is introducing its 4G iPhone which is now expected to gain good sales across other countries as well. International Strategies of Apple Inc This part of the research paper relates to the major international business strategies of Apple inc. Apple strategies Innovative product design, Brand loyalty, Own store strategy and education sales are detailed below. Its strategies like complete solution and Product differentiation are intentionally omitted because, the specified sector for the research is Apples Smartphone sector. Innovative Design strategy Apples products like iPod and iPhone became widely known for its excellence in innovative product design and development. Apple was not a technology follower until 1990s. Steve Jobs realized that technology creation is critical to stay for long in a market and thence he made significant changes of Apples products lines after 1997 (Betz, 2002, p. 194- 195). This is how Apple has eventually become a technology creator and now created success stories of iPhone throughout its worldwide markets. When companies like HP and other players in hardware and software markets focused on lower costs and high volume sales, Apple focused on technology and product differentiation (Hoskisson, Hitt and Irelandl, 2008, p. 133). Apples international business is committed to bring high quality mobile communication, digital music players and video experience to its worldwide customers. Its business strategy is its effort to design and develop its own hardware products like iPhone with its own software, ease of use and innovative design being its major features (Apple Annual Report, 2009). Brand Loyalty Strategy Apple brand is one of the strongest in todays international market. A number of products like iPad, iPhone, iMac, iLife, iTunes and iDvd are clearly positioned in customers mind with Apple brand. Its strategy to design and develop innovative products have been closely related with its digital hub and thus to have gained a unique successful brand position among its customers. Apples brand personality is created with an emphasis on emotion, touching customers lifestyle, imagination, innovation, dream and aspiration (marketingminds.com). Apples brand is likely to change the lifestyle the people listen music, use mobile for communication and music needs etc (Cuneo, 2003). According to Keates and Clarkson (2003) Apples strong brand image and its loyalty only were the factors that saved Apple from being fully wiped out form the market when its managerial mistakes caused it to be closer to be bankrupted in 1990s (p. 43). When it comes to the brand positioning, Apple gains 50%. ADWEEKs (2009) study concluded that some customers are found that they couldnt live without Apples brand as it is highly inspiring to them. Readers brand choice was 50% Apple, 26% Google and 4% Starbucks (Brand of the Decade, 2009). Apples own store strategy Apple has been creating its own stores for the international marketing of its products including its Smartphone. Apart from online selling and third part sales force, Apple has used own store as a strategy for enhancing better distribution and by facilitating its customers enjoy music and other products and services. Its own stores are friendly places where customers have easy access to play and experience new technologies (insidecrm.com). Apple opened 34 its own stores in 2005 for a total of 135 and dramatically its international business by opening stores in Canada, three stores in UK and in Japan as well (OGrady, 2008, p. 129). Its own store strategy helps it gain more customers, attract them towards its products and technologies, provide better direct services and collect more accurate information from its customers. Education Sales Apples another strategy for its international business was education sale by focusing on selling its products and services to schools and universities and thus to spread its technology to the new generations. Students by seeing Apple products at schools or colleges become highly attracted to using or owning one for them and this is how Apple has been using education sale strategy for its marketing (insidecrm.com). Effectiveness of Apples Strategies This section of the research paper uses Porters generic Strategy (given in the appendix) to determine the effectiveness and success of Apples international business, mainly focusing its Smartphone market. The attractiveness of the firm and its position in industry are major factors that determine effectiveness. Apples case shows that it has been able to boost its market share for Smartphone in recent years. According to Porters generic strategy, cost advantage and differentiation are two major factors that determine strength of a firm. Apple has remained far positive with its market shares and larger number of shipping, and when considering Smartphone market, the market share was highly impressive. Apples RD is its main power that is a critical factor behind its differentiation; innovative design and technology focus strategies as well. Apart from its differentiation strategy, the major points to look at are 1) brand loyalty and 2) its iPhone buzz across the world. These both are major success factors of Apple Inc. Brand loyalty remains to be a strong advantage because it can help the company stay very strong in its international market. Similarly, the iPhone buzz throughout the world also has been a success factor that shows how far Apple has been gaining the international business and competitive advantages. Evaluative Conclusion and Recommendations Apart from the above-discussed Apples strategies, this part of the research paper recommends Customization facility and direct marketing as other two important strategies for Apple. Customers are different in tastes, requirements and lifestyles. They require different products at different features. A customer may require an iPhone with camera facility whereas the other may require it with additional inbuilt memory to store more songs. It goes like it. By facilitating customization, customers will be able to access Apple website, design their own products, select features for it, add specifications and finally order the goods. It will not only help increase the number of its customers, but also add more customer loyalty and satisfaction as well. Secondly, I would recommend that Direct marketing, by directly selling its products to the international customer, will be helpful to reduce middlemen costs and extra inventory handling too. It will help the company to make its products ultimately cheaper to the customers This research paper has highlighted the literature related to the Apples international business, mainly regarding it Smartphone sector. The paper has presented detailed analysis on the micro and macro analysis of Apples international business environment by using appropriate tools of SWOT and PEST analysis. The international business strategies of Apple are detailed in this paper, drawing the effectiveness of its strategies and operation.

Comparing My Dad and Me Essay -- Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Comparing My Dad and Me In a world of over six billion people, what could be more boring than a bunch of look-alike clones? Everyone on this earth shares certain traits with others. Each person, though, shares more similarities with some people than with others. Strong similarities can be seen most frequently among family members, most likely because people in one family come from the same gene pool. My dad and I represent prime examples of people who share a lot in common. Regardless of how much we resemble each other, though, we are different people and always will be. Setting aside the physical differences between my dad and me – I am significantly taller but have a smaller build than he – quickly reveals our similarities. Though the majority of our shared traits come as a result of the fact that I received many of his genes, our most important similarity– our faith in and fervent love for our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ – does not exist in anyone’s genes. Rather, this comes exclusively from God. Every day my dad goes out and fixes garage doors. Working in people’s garages on a daily basis, he gets numerous opportunities to talk to people. Just about every day, my dad has a chance to share his faith with others. Not only does he deal honestly and fairly with his customers, he frequently talks to them about his belief in God and explains why Jesus died 2000 years ago – for them. Likewise, I often must defend my beliefs in school. In past English classes, we have had many debates on a great variety of moral issues and I have been able to give my stance on â€Å"the issues,† based on what the Bible, God’s Word, teaches. Hopefully, I will have additional opportunities in American Government class and possibly even in English.... ...I. He does not mind confronting people when they do something with which he does not agree. I have a more difficult time confronting people. When I do, so as not to anger them, I beat around the bush rather than telling them blatantly that they are wrong. While my dad and I are very similar even in such little things as our mannerisms, our similarities do not in any way, shape, or form make us the same person. No two people are the same, in spite of all their likenesses. If we were all exactly alike, what good would we be? If we all excelled in construction work and could build anything from a shed to a skyscraper, who would prepare food? If everyone cooked, who would treat the sick and injured? More fundamentally, who would make the equipment used for cooking? People identify us by who we are, by our differences – not by what we have in common with everyone else.

Reflection paper Essay

Visiting the Daybreak Family Centre gave me the opportunity to learn more about social services in reality. Albeit not having the chance to interact with their clients because we were untrained, I had a fruitful discussion session with the social workers there. â€Å"Learning in social work isn’t a linear process,† shared one of the social worker. Theories though being taught in school – seems like there is an accurate answer – social work is not a mere transfer of learning. With real clients, it takes time to generate solutions. Some lessons can only be self-discovered through experiences. Since social workers usually deal with case-works, this provided me another insightful take-away of the importance of self-reflection – which allows most practitioners to explore reasons they response in certain ways, helping to create self-awareness of own strength and weaknesses. Social workers too have attitudes, past and prejudices that will affect their resp onses to certain things. Without learning from oneself and acknowledge all these, it will be exceptionally difficult for social workers to assist clients effectively. These social workers shared that critical reflection allows them to form new perspective of the situation, understand themselves better and hence, advance. In social services, the importance of maintaining confidentiality and establishing professional boundaries could not be emphasizes enough. Also, bearing in mind, social workers cannot overpower clients, make assumptions or put own expectations on them. I have learnt that only when appropriate, can then a social worker take more control of clients’ lives. Social services focus on client’s self-determination. Clients ultimately have to be responsible of the decisions they make. Social workers cannot allow a particular incident to affect them so as to continue their profession. It is apparent that females mainly dominate the social work profession. It struck me on how this negatively impacted the manpower issue. In particular, the root cause of delinquency is the distant-father-figure at home. The  general consensus that men are more likely to be receptive towards other men in this issue causes a greater demand for male social workers. Unless the society takes a step forward and change this delusion that social work is a â€Å"voluntary-work†, not a profession, it will be rather difficult to ameliorate this situation. This general misconception has to be addressed meritoriously. On a side note, all the social workers I have meet were like angels, kind-hearted, understanding and never failed to wear on a big-smile!

Ancient Cultures Beliefs - 644 Words

Way back in the ancient cultures beliefs’ and faith played a major roll in their lifetime. It treasured the art that spoke to them and made them closer to god, since writing was not indicate back then. Some believed in only one god, some in many gods and some people believed in objects like animals, the sun, items and even the weather. After visiting the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth and observing some of the ancient Egyptian art collection displayed, I have decided to pick the theme of God to inform about. After my research, I discovered new and different key points about the Egyptian beliefs in god and how it affects us in our world today. My first object is the Kneeling Statue of Senenmut, Chief Steward of Queen Hatshepsut, the second object is Red-Figure Cup Showing the Death of Pentheus (exterior) and a Maenad (interior) and the last object is the Head of a Ewe. The first object that I have picked while I was at the museum is the Kneeling Statue of Senenmut, Chief Steward of Queen Hatshepsut. It is said that it was created in the early 18th century between the years 1473-1458 B.C. The instant I walked in into the Ancient Egyptian collection I couldn’t take my eye off of that sculpture, due to that being it was probably the the darkest object there. The kneeling Statue of Senenmut was engraved from a grayish green stone, I like this object because, all the achievement and work that Senenmut have done in his life was carved all over this object. One of my dislikes isShow MoreRelatedEssay on Christianity vs. Greek Mythology1309 Words   |  6 Pageshas been a very important part of history. It shaped many cultures and allowed us to better understand many civilizations. Two of these cultures are those of the Christians and Greeks. 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